Thus, the benefits of these tweaks in terms of giving you space to add additional content will depend on whether your constraints are defined relative to word count or page count.Īs an aside, I think the ease with which you can include heaps of references using Vancouver is a major reason why medical journals have higher impact factors. E.g., using 'J' rather than 'Journal' in the journal name will not remove a word.

It is worth noting that many of these features will reduce character counts and page counts but not word counts. It omits comma between author surname and initial.It omits full stops after author initials.For example, if a screen name is in all lower case, keep the name in. Maintain the formatting of the screen name. Note: If you can only find the screen name of an author, use that as the author's name. End page numbers often omit the leading number e.g., 258-60 would indicate 258 to 260 Basic Format for citing an image in the Reference List: Last name, First initial.It uses journal abbreviations, so the length of each citation is often shorter.In terms of the actual references, Vancouver is also quite terse: You can also include ranges like 1-5 for five references. But the shortest is to put the numbers as superscripts without parentheses. In terms of in-text citations, it is short. Solution 1: How to choose between using footnotes, endnotes, or parenthetical in-text citations 1.

Endnote citation format apa